The Federal Republic of Germany, Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland map

The Federal Republic of Germany, Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (European countries) Satellite maps

States: the Federal Republic of Germany(The Federal Republic of Germany, Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland)National Day: October 3 (German re-unification in 1990)Nazi victims Day: January 27 (the Soviet Red Army liberated the Nazi Germany in the territory of Poland's Auschwitz Day, January 3, 1996 determined)Germany murdered Jews of Europe MonumentDemocracy Day: May 7Flag: a horizontal rectangle, the length and width ratio of 5 to 3.Top-down by the black, red, yellow parallel three equal horizontal rectangle connected from.Three-color flag of the origins of opinion, the earliest dating back to the first century AD the Roman Empire, in the later 16th century German peasant wars of the 17th century and the bourgeois democratic revolution in Germany, on behalf of the republican three-color flag is fluttering in the Deutsche The ground.German Empire in 1918 after the collapse, the Weimar Republic also used black, red and yellow flag for the three-color flag.September 1949 set up the Federal Republic of Germany, still use the Weimar Republic period of three-colour flag of the same year in October the establishment of the German Democratic Republic by three-color flag, the flag is in the center of Canada, including a hammer, gauge, wheat, and other national emblem Logo, to show their differences.October 3, 1990, after reunification, the German Federal Republic of Germany still use the national flag.Three-color flag in the airport, hotels, banquets and other occasions hoisted.Federal government agencies and embassies in foreign countries, such as Black Hawk logo with the hoisting of the flag.The national emblem: a golden shield logo.Face shield is a red红嘴claws, wings started the Black Hawk, Black Hawk a symbol of strength and courage.National Anthem: "Deutschlandlied" the third paragraph, the lyrics are Auguste Heinrich Hoffman Feng Fallersleben (1798 -1874) wrote in 1841, tunes from Joseph Haydn (1732 -1809) wrote.1922, the Weimar Republic's first president弗里德里希艾伯特Empire "Deutschlandlied" upgraded to the national anthem.1952, the Federal President Ho Eastbourne and the Federal Prime Minister Ardenne between the first communication, this song to be recognized as the national anthem.Federation President Weizsaecker and Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl in August 1991 of the Communications confirmed the "Deutschlandlied" on the reunification of Germany in the traditional sense.National flower: Cornflower, also known as the Blue Lotus, Lai Chi-ju, Turquoise Blue, a Compositae.After years of nurturing German, this "wilderness of flowers" has a photo, blue-violet, dark blue, Shenzi, Xueqing, Dan Hong, rose red, white and other colors.Inflorescence born in the first-thin stalk to the top, as if a Juanxiu girls, in a Life "light" - the sun, praying happiness and joy.Cornflower, a German who spent, the German with her German national symbol of patriotism, optimism, tenacity, and frugal characteristics, and that she had auspicious trillion, thus as the "national flower."State bird: white stork, a well-known watch the rare birds.In Europe, the white stork since ancient times was considered to be "brought happiness of the birds," is a symbol of good fortune, is sent by God the "angel", is devoted to call on the luck of the people.White stork was selected as the birds, many German families in specially built chimney built on the platform, making nests for their use.State stone: AmberNational political figures: Federal President Horst Koehler (Horst Koehler), 2004年5 he was elected, July representation; Federal Parliament Wolfgang Thierse (Wolfgang Thierse), 1998年10月26 was elected; Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel (Angela Merkel), 2005年11, took office.Physical Geography: Germany in central Europe, east Poland, the Czech Republic, south of Austria, Switzerland, the West sector the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Denmark and connected to the North and the North Sea and the Baltic Council, is the largest country in the European neighbours.Area of 357020.22 square kilometers (December 1999).Low-lying North South, topography can be divided into four zones: North German Plain, an average of less than 100 meters above sea level; mountain and Germany, from the direction of what constitutes high land; southwest fracture Rhine Valley region, on both sides of the mountain valley Wall steep; plateau in southern Bavaria and the Alps, during which Bavaria Alps peak Zuge peak elevation of 2,963 meters, the highest peak for.Major rivers are the Rhine (flows through the territory of 865 km), the Elbe, the Weser river, the Oder River, the Danube.Larger lakes have Boden Lake Chiemsee, Amor Lake, in the lake.Northwest oceanic climate significantly, east and south to the continental climate gradually transition.The average temperature 7月14 ~ 19 ℃, 1月-5 ~ 1 ℃., 500 to 1,000 mm of precipitation, the mountain is more.January 1, 1995, according to the International Law of the Sea Agreement in 1982, Germany in the North Sea and East China's territorial waters from three sea miles to 12 nautical miles (22 kilometers), the size of the increase in 4100 and 1700 square kilometers.German parliament buildingPopulation: 82.501 million (the end of 2004), mainly Germany, Denmark and a small number of Sorbian people.There are 7.288 million foreigners, accounting for 8.8 percent of the total population.General German.31.75 percent of the residents were Christian, 32.06 percent of people believe in the Roman Catholic Church (the end of 2002).Capital: Berlin (Berlin), Population: 3.387 million (September 2001), the annual average temperature of about 8.6 ℃.Click on the details>>A symbol of German unification: Brandenburg Gate in central Berlin, bodhi tree streets and June 17th Street Interchange, Berlin is the famous tourist attractions of urban and a symbol of German unification.Administrative Division: divided into federal, state, region 3, a total of 16 states, 14,808 region.16, is the name: Baden - Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg - before Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, North Rhine - Westphalia Fallon, Rhineland - ears of Mainz, Saarland, Saxony and Saxony - Anhalt, Schleswig - Holstein and Thuringia.Including Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg is the city state.Visits to Germany, "East Triangle" - Zittau Heidelberg, Germany: castles new constructionFull moon shining in the Qinghui in Frankfurt, Germany, the Deutsche Bank headquarters buildingHistory: BC living on the territory of the German people.Year 2-3 gradually formed the tribe.Deutsche formation of the early 10th century feudal state.To the mid-13th century feudal separatism.The early 18th century Austria and Prussia rise, according to the Vienna Conference in 1815, formed a confederation of Germany, the 1848 outbreak of the revolution throughout Germany, Prussia in 1866's "seven weeks of war" against Austria, the next year the establishment of the North German Federation, 1871 The establishment of a unified German Empire.The Empire in 1914 provoked the First World War, the 1918 defeat and declared by the collapse.February 1919 the establishment of the Weimar Republic of Germany.1933 Hitler came to power implementation of autocratic rule.Germany launched World War II in 1939, May 8, 1945 Germany's surrender.After the war, according to the Yalta and Potsdam agreements agreement, Germany from the United States, Britain, France, the Soviet Union occupied the four countries, the four countries formed by the Allied Control Council to take over the German supreme power.Berlin also divided into four occupied territories.June 1948, the United States, Britain, France occupied the three countries combined.1988 May 23, after the merger of the occupied West set up the Federal Republic of Germany.In October 7, the eastern part of the Soviet Union for the establishment of the German Democratic Republic.Germany formally split from the two sovereign countries.1989 East German situation has changed dramatically.Since May the same year, a large number of citizens leave the Federal Republic of Germany.In early October, the successive outbreaks in many cities ranging from the size of the demonstration, travel abroad and relax the requirements of the new media restrictions.October 18, the Democratic German President Honecker announced his resignation.November 9, the "Berlin Wall" open.Ying Chen distant Alps,Munich faction picturesque sceneryMunichNovember 28, the Federal Republic of Germany Chancellor Helmut Kohl on the reunification of Germany's two 10-point plan.February 1990 from 13 to 14, Democratic Germany, Mo Deluo first visit to the Federal Republic of Germany.March 18, the Democratic People's Assembly of Germany to free elections, Demezieres he became prime minister after the German reunification greatly speed up the pace.May 18, the two Germanys signed in Bonn on the establishment of monetary, economic and social state of the Union Treaty.August 31, the two sides also signed in Berlin, the German unification treaty.September 24, the German National Democratic People's Army formally withdraw from the Warsaw Pact Organization.October 3 East Germany formally joined the Federal Republic of Germany.Germany's democratic constitution, the House of Lords, the Government automatically cancelled, the 14 zones to meet the Federal Republic of Germany formed to five states, into the Federal Republic of Germany, the two split more than 40 years of German reunification.Germany generation of young school education to face up to history of the HolocaustPolitics: "The Federal Republic of Germany Basic Law" in May 1949 entered into force.1956, amended in 1968 gave greater.August 1990 the German "unification treaty," the "Basic Law" and certain provisions were amended, adaptability, October 3 from the applicable to the whole of Germany."Basic Law", the German federal state, foreign affairs, defense, currency, customs, aviation, post and telecommunications is a federal jurisdiction.National Council for the republican form of government.Federation President as Head of State.Parliament from the Bundestag and the Bundesrat composition.Federal Parliament to exercise legislative power, supervision, law enforcement, federal election the Prime Minister, to participate in the election and supervision of the Federal President of the Federal Government, and so on.Bundestag elections are usually held once every four years, won the election in a political party or coalition of political parties will have the right to form a cabinet.Germany implemented two votes of the electoral system.At dawn, the river Rhine in CologneAccording to the German "electoral law", where over 18 years of age with German nationality of the citizens are eligible to vote, each voter has two votes.The first vote for elected Members of the voters of the constituency candidates, and in accordance with the principle of a simple majority, of votes obtained by the largest number of people elected.The second electoral votes in the election for the party.The party was the second vote will determine the number of its own seats in the Bundestag in the proportion of the party in power can have important significance.Participate in the Federal Assembly of the composition of the party's parliamentary group, respectively.Federal Senate to participate in federal legislation and the federal administration to exert influence, and safeguarding the interests of the states.The proportion of the population by the states designated by the State Government three to six members of the state Senate, a total of 69 seats.Speaker of the rotation of the state governor for a term of one year, the president finds it necessary to be exercising authority to the era president.The federal government by the Federal Chancellor and Federal Minister of several components, the Prime Minister for the Government of the Federation.The Federal Constitutional Court is the highest judicial body, primarily responsible for the interpretation of the "Basic Law", supervision, "Basic Law" of the implementation, there are 16 judges, from the Bundestag and the Bundesrat half of all elected, appointed by the president for a term of 12 years.Are, by the vice president of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat rotation elected.In addition a federal court (in charge of civil and criminal cases), the Federal Administrative Court (in charge of general administration, judicial cases), the Federal Court of Corrections (public officials responsible for disciplinary cases), the Federal Court (in charge of the case), the Federal Labour Court (trial labour Cases), the Federal Social Court (hearing the social welfare disputes) and the Federal Patent Court (dealing with the issue of patent cases).Courts at all levels for the prosecution, the task is the law, criminal prosecution, but not subject to the jurisdiction of the court, the Court does not intervene in the trial, nor the independent exercise of powers by the judiciary at all levels of leadership.Federal Administrative Court for the Federal Supreme Procuratorate, the federal Attorney-General and several federal prosecutors in their work.Germany's political parties are: Germany's Social Democratic Party, the Alliance 90 / Green Party, Christian Democratic Union and Christian Social Union, the Liberal Democratic Party, the Democratic Socialist Party, the German Communist Party, the Republican Party, and so on - the details click>> May 12, 2005, German Federal Assembly voted to adopt a "EU Constitution Treaty."The Bundestag electionEconomy: a highly developed industrial countries, economic strength among the first in Europe.Is the world's third largest economic power.Germany is the country's merchandise exports, half of industrial products sold abroad.Germany's exports are now ranked second in the world.Germany nearly 1 / 3 of employment for the export industry.Major export products include automobiles, machinery, electrical, transport equipment, chemicals and steel.Imports mainly machinery, electrical appliances, transport equipment, automobiles, oil and clothing.Major trading partner of the Western industrial countries.Government's adherence to straighten out the state's financial and reduce the budget deficit, tax reform to stimulate investment, further non-nationalization and reduce state intervention, give full play to the role of market mechanism of the policy so that the German economy continues to grow steadily.At the same time take active measures to promote the development of information technology and the adjustment of economic structure.Lack of natural resources, with the exception of hard coal, lignite and rich reserves of salt, raw materials supply and heavily dependent on energy imports, 2 / 3 of imports of primary energy needs.Germany's main industry to heavy industry, automobiles, machinery manufacturing, chemical, electrical, and so the total industrial output value of more than 40 percent.Food, textile and garments, iron and steel processing, mining, precision instrument, optical, as well as aviation and space industry is also developed.SMEs more balanced distribution of the industrial structure.Agricultural development, a high degree of mechanization.Agricultural land accounting for about half the land area of Germany.Products to meet the national needs of 80 percent.Tourism, transportation developed (Left: Germany Commercial Bank Building).Germany is the largest producer of beer, the beer output ranked the highest in the world.It is also the first successful development of the maglev railway technology countries.February 28, 2002 24, the official German mark no longer in circulation, the euro (EURO) became legal tender in Germany.Germany is the first use of the 11 euro countries.Munich OktoberfestGerman OktoberfestMilitary: January 1956 to formally establish the Federal Defence Force.The highest military decision-making body is the Federal Security Committee, chaired by the Prime Minister.Peace by Secretary of Defense during the military leadership in wartime by the Federal Chancellor of the armed forces supreme commander.Director of the Federal Defense Forces Supreme Commander for the military.National defense policy is to ensure that the highest goal of the German peace, freedom and independence, and to require the Federal Defence Force is a purely defensive military, the implementation of the necessary security precautions, and do not have to seek weapons of mass destruction.Army focused on: organization of the rapid reaction force, the development of new armaments planning, compression forces scale, the reduction of weapons and equipment.Compulsory military service, the service period of 10 months (from January 1, 2002 onwards shortened to nine months).April 3, 2004 shooting in the capital Berlin, the new renovation of the German Historical Museum (Old Museum).On that day,Renovation of the new German Historical Museum (Old Museum) re-opened.The library was founded in 1688, initially for the Prussian arsenal.1999 closed for renovation, the existing exhibition space of 7,500 square meters.Old IM Pei-designed museum and the new museum together the German Museum of History.The old library will show Germany's long history and culture, the new museum were used for special exhibitions,Between the two museums by an underground passage connecting.Education: the impact of the Italian Renaissance, 18th-century German literature to the summit.Goethe, Heine, Schiller, Lessing and the Brothers Grimm are outstanding representatives.The 20th century's most famous writers are Thomas Mann, Lixi Man and the Sea by Bertolt Brecht.Piper and writer Heinrich Gongte Glasgow in 1972 and 1999 Nobel Literature Prize.Germany has more than 3,000 museums, the collection is rich in content.In addition, every year at various arts festivals, fairs and film festivals, and so on.Frankfurt and Leipzig is the German book publishing industry center.Books published in Germany in the world after the United States ranked second.Music is a German living in an integral part.Germany created a different period of music masters such as Beethoven, Bach and Mendelssohn, Wagner and so on.The Berlin Philharmonic is world-renowned.Churches, palaces and castles of Germany's important cultural heritage.The famous University of Cologne University, the University of Munich, Aachen University of Technology, the University of Heidelberg, and so on.German concept of time and strong, whether in commerce or in private exchanges, the German emphasis on punctuality.Germany attaches importance to business reputation, the general partner is not easily replaced.Germany's education and cultural and artistic undertakings by the federal and state jointly responsible for the federal government is mainly responsible for educational planning and vocational education, culture and education minister of state and through the joint coordination of education, in primary and secondary education, higher education and adult education and training in , The main legislative and executive powers vested in the states.A national arts and cultural activities to be funded by the federal government.Cultural exchanges with foreign countries by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in charge of coordination., Primary, secondary and vocational education developed, implemented 12 system of compulsory education, public schools free of tuition fees, textbooks and other school supplies some relief.Primary education system, 4-6, 5-9, the secondary school structure.Colleges and universities enjoy a certain autonomy in principle to free admission, subject to some restrictions ended.Vocational Education of "dual system", that is, vocational schools and enterprises in the theoretical study of the practice, adult education and amateur universal education.Teachers for life-long public officers, must be highly educated.Favorite reading - German one of the fine tradition World Heritage - Moose Mr. Park Trier's world cultural heritageBremen city streetscapePress and Publications: press and publication industry is well developed, the press variety.1999 published in the Journal have 367 kinds, the 1620 version of the local and regional edition, from 380 publishers and 135 editorial published, the total circulation of about 25 million copies, with per capita newspaper accounts fourth in the world, only Behind Japan, Great Britain and Switzerland; more than 1,600 kinds of magazines, total circulation of about 140 million copies in more than 8,000 kinds of various professional publications.1994 German press, publishing 2,661 enterprises, employing 263,000.The largest circulation daily newspaper "Bild", the second quarter of 1999 amounted to 4.51 million copies.Other national newspaper: "Suddeutsche Zeitung", "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" and "Time" weekly newspaper, "Le Monde."The biggest local newspaper "Westdeutsche Allgemeine", the circulation of 1.13 million copies.Political current affairs magazine "Der Spiegel" circulation of 1.039 million copies, "Star" Pictorial 1.078 million copies.The Press Trust of Springer newspaper group has monopolized the national newspaper published in the 1 / 5.Agencies are: (1) Deutsche Press Agency, established in 1949 for the private sector, Inc. under the newspapers, radio and television news more than 200 departments, is one of the world's largest news agency.Head Office in Hamburg, News Editor headquarters in Frankfurt.In Bonn with a federal branch, in other domestic cities with more than 50 branch or the editorial department, in over 80 countries accredited journalists or employed writer.Germany is the main source of mass media.German News Agency through satellite, telex and other means of communication in German, English, Spanish and Arabic daily dispatch, including domestic and international political, economic, technological, and cultural fields, in Germany in the Journal of the adoption rate of 99 percent.(2) the German news agency: the establishment in 1971, the total community in Bonn, the major domestic newspapers to provide press releases, external only to the Swiss German, updates, Luxembourg and Germany after reunification, the former GDR clubs and the De Tongshe The merger.There are also some professional news agency: News of the Gospel, sports news agency, the Joint Economic News Agency, and so on.Major national radio stations are: (1) German radio station, from federal and state funding to set up radio stations, mainly responsible for domestic broadcasting, (2) Deutsche Welle radio and in 1960 set up its headquarters in Cologne, funded by the Federal The establishment, including the Chinese, with 31 languages to broadcasters around the world.There are also 11 state radio.Major national television: (1) a German TV (ARD), by state radio, German radio Deutsche Welle and Radio Broadcasting Association of Germany, co-operation, broadcast nationwide, "the first set of programmes" and the local "The third set of programmes", (2) German television (ZDF), is Germany's largest television station, in 1961 jointly organized by the states, is headquartered in Mayence, play "second set of programs."Other satellite TV programmes such as German television "1 PLUS" and the private television stations such as "SAT 1", "RTL", "PRO 7" also has large audiences.Attractions: Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburg Gate) bodhi tree in the heart of Berlin Street and on June 17th Street Interchange, Berlin is the famous tourist attractions of urban and a symbol of German unification.Year in 1753, Prussian King Fulideli Xi Weilian I set Dublin, ordered the construction of a total of 14 Shing Mun Town of Berlin, sitting West headed east gate, I would Fulideli Xi Weilian the King family to the birthplace of Bob Langdon named.At first, this was only one door with two huge stone pillars supporting the Shihmen simple.1788, Prussian King Fulideli Xi Weilian II unified German Empire, to celebrate the table, then rebuild this door.Germany was well-known architects, Hans Carl song De Haer Langzhong mandated commitment to design and construction work, to Athens in ancient Greece galleries of the Shing Mun modelled on the design of The Arc de Triomphe-Shing Mun, and was completed in 1791 .Reconstruction after the Shing Mun 20 meters high, 65.6 meters wide, 11 meters into the deep, the building has five channels, the Central Corridor width.According to historical records, the Central Corridor in 1918 Dehuang step down to allow only the former royal family members walking.The building of the channel between the use of the huge sandstone-off, the two ends of the stone decorated six up to 14 meters, 1.70 meters in diameter at the bottom of the Doric-style columns.To make this door more splendid glory at the famous German sculptor Getefuli Desha and more doors for the top design a set of bronze statues decorated: four speeding the Horse pulling a chariot wheel, Chariot stood a Beicha wings of the goddess, her crutches Shouzhi a mobile Pei, a Prussian-Yingjiu Zhanchiyufei the legislation in the Goddess Shouzhi decorated with garlands lauryl on the baton.In each channel inside the Shek Pik on the mosaic of sand and more creative 20 depicting ancient Greek mythology, Hercules Hai Gela heroic deeds of the Marbles painting.30 reflect the ancient Greek myth of peace "peaceful conquests," the Marbles in the Shing Mun decorative stone lintel on the positive.After the completion of this door has been named as "the door to peace", the chariot of the goddess known as the "goddess of peace."Sanssouci (Sans Souci Palace) in the Federal Republic of Germany, capital of the eastern state of Brandenburg in northern suburb of Potsdam.Palace were taken from the French original intent of "no worries" (or "Mo Chou").Sanssouci and around the garden is Prussia's King Frederick II (1745-1757) period replica of the Palace of Versailles, the French style building constructed.An area of 290 hectares throughout the garden, located in a sand dune, this is a "palace on the sand dunes," said.Sanssouci all before and after the continuation of the construction of about 50 years, for the essence of German art of architecture.Sanssouci is parallel to bow before the six stage, on both sides of the green jungle Hongtuo.Palace before the big circular fountain is composed of stone sculptures of petals, surrounded by "Fire" and "water" and "territories", "air" four circular flower bed Pei Chen, flower beds, a plastic statues, especially as Venus Mercury Form and the most exquisite statues and vivid.It is said that the whole palace to more than 1,000 characters in Greek mythology as a theme of the stone statue.Central to the main hall half spherical roof, wings for the long ridge of the construction of the cone.Hall of the Office of the median for the yen, the gateway to the face of a large fountain.The magnificent ceiling decorations of the Office of the Prime Minister very imaginative, walls Xiangjin, dazzling.Indoor use of decorative murals and Der Spiegel, the dazzling brilliance.Palace east of a collection of 124 paintings paintings profile, for more than Renaissance Italy, the Netherlands painter's works.Sanssouci in the garden with a hexagonal pavilion, known as China Chating.Chating using the umbrella of the Chinese traditional circular roof, superstructure Biwa, gold cylinder landed the support structure.Tingnei completely imitated Oriental style furniture manufacturers.Tingqian standing in a Chinese-style incense tripod.It is said that the King of Prussia often in this Tea pastime.Cologne Cathedral (Cologne Cathedral) is the world's most perfect Gothic-style church, located in downtown Cologne, Germany, the Rhine River.East and West 144.55 meters long, 86.25 meters wide north-south, the Office of 43.35 meters high, the top-109 meters high, the Central is two doors and even build the wall with double-spire, two of 157.38 meters Minaret like two sharp sword, the sky line.The whole building from polished stones piled all, an area of 8,000 square meters, construction area of over 6,000 square meters.In the Cathedral of the surrounding forest on the numerous small minaret, the cathedral was black, in all the buildings in the city especially attractive.Potsdam Conference site - zezilienhof palaceMasters history: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Born April 22, 1724, 1740 to Geni Si Beige University.From 1746 onwards the family of teachers for four years.1755 completion of university studies, a supernumerary qualified lecturers, the lecturers 15.During this period Kant as a teacher and writer, growing reputation.In addition to teaching physics and mathematics, but also taught logic, metaphysics and moral philosophy, and Zhucheng of firearms, physical geography, and so on.18 In the 1960s, this period of major works include: "Natural Theology and ethics on the principles of the clarity of research" (1764), "the negative concept of the introduction of the philosophy of trying to" (1763), "the proof of God The only possible source of "(1763).Book "as the Huanmeng of Hope" (1766) test on all the spiritual world view.1770 was appointed professor of logic and metaphysics.In a "sense of community and sense of community in the form and principles."From 1781, nine years has published a series of vast areas of the great works are original, the short term bring about a revolution in philosophy and ideology.Such as "Critique of Pure Reason" (1781), "Practical Reason critical" (1788), "Critique of Judgement" (1790).1793 "in a rational within the scope of religion" after the publication of allegations of abuse of philosophy, distorted and contempt for the basic teachings of Christianity, so the Government can not demand Kant in lectures and in writing to talk about religious issues.However, in 1797 after the death of King, he also an important paper in the final "School of struggle" (1798) re-address this issue."From Science to the highest principles of physics transition" could have become an important complement to the philosophy of Kant, but failed to complete the book.February 12, 1804 death.Goethe (1749-1832): German poet.Born in Frankfurt Rhine River an affluent family members of the public.University of Leipzig in 1765 to study law, but more interest in the arts and natural sciences, and in 1770 transferred to the University of Strasbourg, by the influence of Rousseau and other advanced.The following year the end of their studies and return to the home when the lawyers, but the main effort is in the literature.From 1775, he Weimar in the country in politics 10 years, the Weimar of the Privy Council adviser, advocate reform, but did not realize.Goethe life of hard writing, he established the world as a writer's position.The large number of his works reached an alarming stage, "The Complete Works of Goethe final hand in final form" of 40, he added after the death of the "Goethe left," up to 20.Write a novella, "Witt of the juvenile problem," the representative Shiju "Faust" is realism and romanticism of combining the works.Beethoven (1770-1827): German composer.Born in Bonn City, father of the piano at an early age.1787 had to Vienna to study composition Haydn, Mozart and get to know.Settle in Vienna in 1792, engaged in teaching, performance and creativity.Beethoven's life in the French Revolution, Napoleonic wars and the reactionary era of Vienna, the European democracy and the national consciousness at this time are increasingly emerging.His works reflected the characteristics of these times, or glorify the hero, or against feudalism and fight for democracy and freedom and a better future.The main works include "Third Symphony" ( "destiny"), "Symphony No. 6" ( "Pastoral"), "Ninth Symphony" ( "Choral") and "Pathetique" Sonata. " Moonlight "Sonata, and so on.Hegel (1770-1831): German idealist philosopher.Born in Stuttgart in southern Germany a gentleman and family.1788-1793, in Tuebingen seminary study, six years after graduation as a family of teachers, post-secondary schools in Nuremberg when the principals.1816 Professor of the University of Heidelberg.In 1830 the University of Berlin, died of cholera in 1831.His major works include: "the spirit of learning", "logic" and "philosophy of the book", "Law Philosophy", "" History of Philosophy of speech "and" philosophy of history "and" aesthetic).Heine (1797-1856): December 13, 1797, born in Dusseldorf of Germany, childhood and adolescents experienced a period of the Napoleonic Wars.Bingbai 1815 after Napoleon had in the bank.1819, at the University of Bonn, Göttingen University, the University of Berlin.Meet in Berlin at the root of Enha closure Enze Chamisso writer and his wife, Kay, and so rich.Enze and his wife Sharon is the literary home of the literary center in Berlin.In its impact, Heine's first "collection" was published in 1821 in Berlin.1823 published "tragedy - lyrical interlude."January 1824 to return to Göttingen University studying law, and will continue to Xieshi, completed the "Return of the Native set."Doctorate of Law in 1825."The Return of the Native-" updated "Hartz Mountain Travels" and "Yu Ji the North Sea" in the first part of sequence, in 1826 for the compilation of "travel in mind," published, has aroused strong repercussions.1827, "travel in mind," first published volume 2.Travel from Britain to return to Hamburg after his "Geji," published in this income in most of the published poems, laid a Heine as a lyric poet of outstanding status.1829, "travel in mind," the first three volumes published.After Heine have issued a "French status quo" and "On the French painter," and "A Brief History of the German modern literature," "Luther维希伯尔纳,亨利希海涅by the death of", "Germany, A winter fairy tale "and other articles and poems.May 1848 completely paralyzed, he insisted with amazing perseverance writing, oral complete collection of poems "Roman Mining Law," published in 1851.After writing a number of prose works.February 17, 1856, Heine's death in Paris.Mendelssohn (Mendelssohn ,1809-1847): 1809年2月3 was born in Hamburg, Germany, parents are Jewish.12-year-old beginning of creation, 17 years to complete "A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture", 21-year-old from the research and compiling the works of Bach, the father of the music works to Fu-sheng made the most important contribution.27-year-old in the command Leipzig, Germany in 1843 founded the first Academy of Music, that is, at the age of 38 died.In his short life of a great deal of creativity in various genres of music, style works gentle comfortable, quiet beauty, complete rigorous, very few conflicts, and be full of poetic imagination, his life reflects the stability and prosperity.He's Symphony "Scotland", "Italy" Overture "Fen Geer cave", "calm and well-being of the sea voyage", "e minor Violin Concerto" and other works are well-known."A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture" is the earliest description of the music realm of the immortals.He also created the "Song without Words" piano style, a total of eight 48, the image of a lively scene in the early representatives of the title music.As the center of his party Lok Leipzig 19th-century German musical life has greatly affected.Wagner (Richard Wagner ,1813-1883): May 22, 1813, born in Leipzig.Since childhood favorite Beethoven, Mozart and Weber's music, self-study piano and composition.At the same time, also by Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller's dramatic impact, when 15-year-old wrote a poem of the five-screen tragedy, old age and by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche and Freud, and other philosophers of the impact.

The Federal Republic of Germany, Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland geographical coordinates (Google maps satellite map Landmark) finishing date: (2006/9/30 11:18:00)
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