The Republic of the Sudan (African countries) Satellite maps
The name: the Republic of the Sudan (The Republic of the Sudan)Independence Day: January 1 (1956)National Day: January 1 (1956)National Salvation Revolution Day: June 30 (1989)Flag: a horizontal rectangle, the length and width ratio of 2:1.Flagpole on the side of the green isosceles triangle, the right to three parallel and equal to the width of the wide, top-down followed by red, white and black colour.Red symbolizes revolution and white symbol of peace, black is a symbol of ethnic black African residents of the South, green symbol of the northern residents believe in Islam.The national emblem: a stretch wings of the eagle.Eagle on top of the Shidai in Arabic saying "the victory belongs to us," the bottom of the Shidai reads "Republic of the Sudan."National political figures: President Omer Hassan Ahmed Al Bashir (Omar Hassan Ahmed El-Bashir), 1989年6月30, the new Chairman of the Committee of National Salvation Revolution Command.October 1993 switched to the President, in March 1996 and December 2000 re-election in July 2005 re-inauguration.Physical Geography: area of 2.5058 million square kilometers.Located in northeastern Africa, the Red Sea, the West Bank, Africa's largest country.North and Libya, Egypt, as neighbors, and South and the Congo, Uganda, Kenya junction of West and Chad, bordering the Central African Republic, Ethiopia, the east, northeast Bin Red Sea.720 km long coastline.Most of the basin, North South High Low.Central to the Sudan basin; north to the desert plateau, east of the Nile to the Nubian Desert, Libyan Desert to the west; Kohl is the western plateau where many of Darfur and the plateau; eastern Ethiopia for the East African highland plateau and the western slope.Kinyeti the southern border of 3,187 meters above sea level, the highest peak for.Longitudinal Nile throughout North and South.Throughout the desert climate and tropical savannah climate.Nile water dispute the origin ofPopulation: 34.512 million (2004 statistics).There are 19 races, 597 tribes.Arabs account for about 39 percent and the remainder are black.The population in the south of the total population of 25 percent.Arabic as official language, the user of the total population of 60%.General English.More than 70 percent of residents believe in Islam, are mostly Sunnis, living mainly in the north, south and more residents believe Yuanshibuluo religious and fetishism, only 5% of the Christian people, many living in the south and the capital Khartoum.Population growth rate 2.7%, average life expectancy of 56.4 years, the population under the age of 14 accounted for 45% of the total population.Capital: Khartoum (Khartoum), a population of nearly 6 million (1999).The hottest month in May (26至42 ℃), the most Lengyue for January (16 to 32 ℃).A brief history: the early 19th century occupation of Egypt, Sudan.19 in the 1970s, the United Kingdom to the Sudan before expansion.In 1881 the Sudanese religious leader Mohammed Ahmed leadership of the Sudanese people against the British, Egyptian invasion in 1885 established the Kingdom of Mahdi.1898-United Kingdom of Sudan.In 1899 from Britain, Egypt, "co-management."Egypt in 1951 to repeal the "condominium" agreement.1953 Britain, Edda into the Sudan to self-determination agreement.In 1953 the establishment of self-government, in January 1956 to declare independence, the establishment of the Republic.1969 Nimai came to power in a military coup, changing the country called the Democratic Republic of the Sudan.Dahab 1985 military coup took office, changing the country called the Republic of the Sudan.Sudan holds general elections in 1986,萨迪克马赫迪as Prime Minister.June 30, 1989, al-Bashir came to power a military coup, set up a "National Salvation Revolution Command Council."October 1993, the National Salvation Revolution Command Council dissolved, or switched to President al-Bashir, and in March 1996 and December 2000 re-election in the presidential election.Sudan Nan in the north because of ethnic, religious, cultural, political and other differences with regard to contradictions, and the Soviet Union two north-south civil war broke out.The first civil war began in 1955, beyond 1972.In the early 1980s, Sudanese President Nimai in the implementation of Islamic law in the country, southerners aroused strong protests.May 1983, to the south, John Garang-led some officers and soldiers launched mutiny, the "Sudan People's Liberation Army" (SPLA), began the activities of armed overthrow the government, had not only triggered a second civil war.In recent years, the Government of Sudan and the efforts of the Intergovernmental Development Organization ( "IGAD") mediation, and the Soviet Union and the South has eight anti-government factions signed the "peace agreement", and to seek negotiations with the SPLA, the peaceful settlement of the south issue .In the Darfur region of the anti-government armed groups of armed personnelSudan's Darfur issue in Sudan peace process in southern Sudan, the Council decided to deploy the United Nations peacekeeping forcePolitics: April 1973 implementation of the constitution, abolished in April 1985.In October promulgated the transitional constitution, June 30, 1989 abolished.June 30, 1989, the promulgation and implementation of the new Constitution, the provisions of the Sudan is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious country, countries in the establishment of federalism on the basis of non-centralized system; president is the highest representative of national sovereignty, the highest military The commander in chief, has legislative, judicial, administrative ruling of the highest, by the people elected for a term of five years, may be re-elected next; Council for the legislative bodies; independence of the judiciary; establishment of speech, freedom of association principles and political consultation under the principle of freedom of religious belief , The equality of all religions, South and the North and obligations of civil equality.April 2002, the National Consultative Assembly meeting to make a decision on revising the constitution to abolish presidential term of two, may be re-elected.September 2005, Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir promulgated presidential decree, announced the formation of a government of national unity.Access to the new government of Sudan to participate in the various political forces, is to implement the comprehensive peace agreement an important step.Economy: Sudan is the United Nations announced that the world among the least developed countries.Agriculture and animal husbandry-based economy, the foundation is weak, foreign aid dependence on natural and strong.Bashir since the government adopted a series of economic reform measures, Su-economic situation has improved, but has yet to shake off the dilemma.So as the International Monetary Fund to insolvency and should not provide loans of countries, and in August 1993 to halt its Member States of their right to vote.To speed up the pace of economic recovery, the Government in 1993 and 1996 were issued new economic laws, on the one hand to reduce government intervention in the economy and a market economy and encourage foreign investment, agricultural development, export promotion, on the other hand vigorously push forward the privatization process .1997, the Soviet Union in accordance with the requirements of implementing the International Monetary Fund financial retrenchment policy, strictly control public expenditure and limit dependence on bank loans ratio of expenditure to reduce the currency circulation, focusing on supporting development of the strategic priority projects, the use of oil export-led economic recovery, inflation Rate and the deficit decreased significantly, the trend of improved economic conditions, a relatively rapid economic development in Africa and one of the countries.1998 and 1999, the Soviet Union are scheduled to repay government loans of the International Monetary Fund, praised by the organization, and in 2000 resumed its Member States of their right to vote.Sudan iron, silver, chromium, copper, manganese, gold, aluminum, lead, uranium, zinc, tungsten, asbestos, gypsum, mica, talc, diamonds, oil, gas and timber rich in natural resources.The main reserves of mineral resources: iron about 300 million tons, 9 million tons of copper, chromium 700,000 tons, silver about 9,000 tons, about 500 million tons of oil.Forest area of more than 5,800 million hectares, accounting for 23.3 percent of the area in forestry resources, gum arabic of the important position.Rich hydropower resources.There are 2 million hectares of freshwater waters.Military: Armed Forces was established in the British colonial period.After independence, the military implementation of the Sudan.August 14 is Army Day.Compulsory military service, provides 18 to 30-year-old Sudanese who must have 31 months of military service period.The armed forces by land, sea, air and air defense composed of four military branches.Also organized military forces of nature and training of civil defence forces, an estimated 100,000 people.The major military academies have the highest military academy, the General Staff Command College and Academy.Education: in 1988 the Ministry of Education decided to cancel the secondary and higher education free of charge, free education at primary schools.All areas of education development is very uneven, the North faster development of education.43% of the country's population is illiterate, 25 percent of school-age children can not.There are five universities and specialist institutions 11.Khartoum University was built in 1902, Sudan is the earliest established institutions of higher learning.TU plans Manyisilan University was built in 1912.Press and Publications: major newspapers have "Today Business News," "News" and "colorful", are Arabic Daily."New Horizons" for the English newspaper, "Today, the Sudan," the English magazine.Is the official SUNA news agency, established in May 1971, in Nairobi and Mogadishu, N'Djamena, Cairo, a branch of Djibouti.With France, Germany, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Morocco, Syria and other countries and the Middle East News Agency news agency, Tass news agency, Xinhua, and other established exchanges and business contacts.A daily publication, the English news Dianxun Gao of the more than 400.In India, the United States and the United Nations to send a reporter.Sudanese state radio, in Kashi Mu north of the town of Omdurman, built in 1940, with Azerbaijan, Britain, France, Somalia and other languages on the radio at home and abroad.A total of nine domestic transmitters, in addition to Arabic daily broadcast 19 hours of programming, but also in English, French and other languages broadcast three half-hour.Juba and other cities has a local radio station.Juba, the main radio broadcasting in English to the south.Sudan state television, located in Omdurman, built in 1963, with Argentine daily, the English broadcast programs about eight hours, with the Arab countries and some foreign television stations have business exchanges between viewing audience of about 10 million.Wad Medani and Juba, and other land for a local television station.Diplomacy: pursuing an independent foreign policy, safeguarding national sovereignty and against Western power politics and stand united to strengthen the Arab countries, in close cooperation with African countries, with China and other countries attach importance to developing friendly and cooperative relations.In recent years, is committed to good-neighborly, friendly, positive improvement with the United States and other Western countries, diplomatic more flexible and pragmatic.Relations with China: February 4, 1959, Sudan established diplomatic relations with China.Reproduced: http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-06/19/content_447263.htm
The Republic of the Sudan geographical coordinates (Google maps satellite map Landmark) finishing date: (2006/9/28 21:57:00)
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